Wednesday 31 May 2017

CTB Cognitive Behavioural Therapy


Hello, folks tonight I wanted to write this post following on from my recent youtube video on the Mental Health Tag.

link to my channel is https://www.youtube.com/c/JulieBarbour

CBT Therapy/ Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is a talking therapy to help manage problems by changing the way you think and the thought processes/ways you behave.

This therapy is most commonly used to treat anxiety/depression, this therapy is also used thought for other mental/ physical problems.

Cognitive therapy is a short-term goal psychotherapy treatment that is hands-on, practical approach to problem-solving. 
The end goal and result is to change patterns of thinking or behavior that are behind people's difficulties and so change the way they feel. 

The sessions normally last between 30-60 minutes. 

You will have a quick chat and introduce yourself and your situation with your therapist so that your therapist can get an idea of what is going on and is causing your current situation.

You with do worksheets and answer questions that will give a clearer picture of what is making your thoughts the way they are.

Once you start recognizing the overwhelming thoughts that you have and breaking them down into smaller parts you can then work on improving the negative patterns that you tend to feel.


CBT Therapy concentrates on the here and now issues your having and not in the past and looks for practical ways to improve your state of mind on a daily basis.


Not only does it help anxiety and depression their more disorders that you can have CTB Therapy for.

  • OCD- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
  • Panic Disorder
  • PTSD- Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
  • Phobias
  • Eating Disorders
  • Sleep Problems (insomnia)
You would normally see your therapist once a week or once every two weeks.

In these sessions, you will work on breaking down your problems and separating them into parts.

  • Thoughts
  • Physical Feelings
  • Actions.


The therapist will analyze these areas and be able to work out if these are unhelpful/unrealistic and determine the effect they have on each other and on you. 
With doing this your therapist will be able to work out and find ways to help you to cope and deal with changing unhelpful thoughts and behavior.

After discussing these ways that you can work on changing the thought processes you are using your therapist will either ask you to try putting them into practice in your daily life/ worksheets.

In your next session, you will discuss how you got on and look through the worksheets that were given to you. 

The aim of CTB Therapy is to teach you to apply the skills you've learned during treatment to your daily life.

ADVANTAGES:

  • it may be helpful in cases where medication alone hasn't worked.
  • it can be completed in a relatively short period of time.
  • the highly structured nature of CTB means it can be provided in different formats, i.e groups, self-help books, computer programs.
  • it teaches you useful and practical strategies that can be used in everyday life even after the treatnment has finished.
DISADVANTAGES:

  • you need to commit yourself to the process to get the most out of it.
  • attending regular CBT sessions and carrying out any extra work between sessions can take up a lot of your time.
  • it might not be suitable for people with more complex mental health needs/learning difficulties.
  • it involves confronting your emotions/anxieties, you may experience initial periods where your anxious or emotionally uncomfortable.
So if you are feeling like this is something that you are needing to help you out with negative thoughts and they are consuming you and taking over your life I would highly consider seeking help.

I had CBT Therapy for a few years to help with my anxiety disorder and I did this for over six weeks, with loads of discussing my problems, I was given worksheets and booklets to read over and think about which at the time is far from what you want to be doing, but I pushed myself and I did them and I still have them to this day and I am glad that they helped me out.

It's good to have a reference point to look at and also to see that what is going on in your head/mind/body is not always the truth and you don't have to be afraid of these thoughts.

Putting them into perspective and working out why you feel a certain way is better when you have been taken through the process with the help of a therapist that know how to help you, so don't feel ashamed go and seek the help x

I will leave some links to pages you can check out.

https://www.mind.org.uk

https://www.getselfhelp.co.uk

https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk

also some anxiety sites.

https://www.betterhelp.com

https://www.moodjuice.scot.nhs.uk

https://www.anxietyuk.org.uk

https://www.nopanic.org.uk

Some depression sites.

https://www.health.com

https://www.depresssionuk.org

I hope you find this post helpful and if you have any questions then please to leave them in the comments section.

Have a great evening folks xx















Monday 29 May 2017

THANK YOU SO MUCH


OH MY GOD!!!!!!!!!

I want to say the BIGGEST THANK YOU!!!
From the bottom of my heart, totally overwhelmed with such love, kindness and support I have been shown.

I love you tube I am on there constantly I hardly even watch TV anymore, so I am glad I decided to give my own channel ago and put myself out there and it has been received in a positive way.
I am currently at 105 subscribers this is insane, me little Julie Barbour amazing ha ha.

I thanked a few people on my video I put up last night and I will leave the link for you all below to check it out.

https:youtube.com/c/JulieBarbour



My boyfriend Bruce I love you so much you are my world you have supported me in not just doing my you tube channel but in everything I do. I have loved every minute of our developing relationship and I look forward to more together.

Emily mt best friend and sister it might not be by blood but you mean the world to me, there are very few people in this world that are decent humans and I am lucky as I found one in you.
You honestly are what a friend is, loyal, non judgemental, kind, empathetic, funny, caring, charismatic, just a beautiful soul. I love you xxx 

Lauren Hodgston  thanks so much for showing me so much kindness and becoming my online friend and good luck with you channel. ( studentbloglife) go and check Lauren channel out and subscribe to her also.

Carmine for being his funny cheeky self, my nutty Italian friend, you brighten up days in a dull and boring job and I will miss you when you move over to the states.

Calum Mckay my little buddy love ya to bits you make me laugh so much we have some quality banter its the best laugh, your a decent guy with good morals and a kind heart and come from a good family your a treasure.

Lisa Mckinnion one of my biggest you tube supporters thanks so much for all the support, comments and interaction on my videos I really appreciate it and so glad that your enjoying them.

There are loads more but this post would go on for a lifetime i just wanted to say that I am totally grateful.

Please keep going and lets grow my online subscribers come and join in the JB family.

have a fantastic evening all  there is a May Favourites video scheduled for Wednesday at pm GMT time so check that out.


much love Julie xx

Thursday 25 May 2017

It Finally Arrived!!!!

Face Masks


Evening folks its been a few weeks or so and I feel inspired so here is a post on what masks I use on my face.


VITAMIN E

This is 100ml for 11.00 so for a kick of a fantastic value for money as a little definitely goes a long way. It's for all skin types which is great, moisturizes, replenishes, protects.

It comes in a light gel pink formula giving you an optimum infusion of moisture, achieving high hydration. Obviously, from the name of the cream, it contains vitamin e with moisturizing germ wheat oil.

It's fantastic easy to use and apply no hassle involved that's my type of product, pop it on couple times a week leave on overnight and wake in morning and boom instantly feel boosted and nice and plump skin. 



ELEMIS PAPAYA ENZYME PEEL.

Now I wasn't always good with a skin care routine far less using masks and doing treatments. But I am glad that I have started and hopefully better late than never. 

One of the most important steps in your skin care routine should be to exfoliate away the dead skin, not only is this rewarding removing the dirt and impurities on the skin but its also going to bring the skin back from being dull in the case of some people's skin types.

A little about this product you get 50ml at £32.00 obviously there are loads of products on the market out there this is the one I currently use. 

benefits are- purifies, revitalizes, smoothes.

This product is great for sensitive and dry skin particularly as it is non-abrasive.

It contains natural fruit enzymes of exfoliating pineapple and papaya it smells like tropical holidays so yummy.

.
These natural enzymes smooth and clarify the complexion.

So it's not your typical exfoliator with beads, you apply the cream formula to the face after cleansing and leave on for 10- 15 mins. It contains nourishing milk protein, antioxidant, rich vitamin e, marine algae which moisturize, repair and protect. 

After using this peel my skin is so smooth and feels soft and revitalized. I would use this once a week of a fortnight and use a harsher exfoliating products couple times a week. 

ORGANIC DEAD SEA MINERAL BIO- PLASMA MUDMASK.


This product I picked for my May Latest In Beauty Box, if you want to see what else I chose and other boxes go to youtube and watch and subscribe to my channel, Julie Barbour.

So we have 100ML retailing at £8.29 and you can purchase this from the likes of Holland and Barretts.

This mask is oil regulating, detoxifying, anti- aging bioplasma facial treatment.

On the surface, it's a pore cleansing mask, deep down it is a bioactive deeply replenishing facelift.

There are literally tons of good ingredients within this product so I will list just a few.

DEAD SEA MINERAL SALT.
ALOE VERA LEAF JUICE.
PLANKTON EXTRACT.
MANDARIN PEEL OIL.
PINE NEEDLE OIL.
WILD MINT OIL.
VITAMIN C.
ORANGE LEAF OIL.

The use of this mask is to purify the skin leaving it healthy, and with all these ingredients it penetrates deep into the epidermis removing excess oils and impurioties and there for stimulating new cell regenration.




ESPA OVERNIGHT HYDRATION THERAPY.

This is another product I picked in my Latest In Beauty Box and I am over the moon that I chose it.


Now obviously this is a sample size but the retailed price full-sized size tub of 55ml costs £35.00.

What does this little beauty do for your skin, well hold one minute I'm about to let you know!.

intensive treatment mask for deeply hydrated, luminous skin.

Chicory root extract helps to reinforce the skin's natural barrier function, konjac root and hyaluronic acid hydrate and smooth.

contains a pure blend of cedarwood, ylang-ylang, Lavan din essential oils to calm a busy mind. while the lavender gently releases soothing and restful properties. 

With this product, you can either apply to face and neck and massage in wait till formula turns white then rinse off.

Alternatively, apply to dry face and neck and wait for it to dry in and leave it on overnight for a more intense treatment also the essential oils within will help you to relax and sleep well.

I personally use the second method and apply and leave it on then wake in the morning and totally notice the difference, I would for sure purchase this in full size.







SUPER DRUG FACE MASKS.

Cheap and does the job well I am partial to these beauties. 

My particular favorite one is the apricot heating exfoliating one, they are around 90 odd pence which are fantastic who wouldn't be happy with that eh.

you simply apply these masks and leave them on for the allocated time if your skin doesn't react then fantastic the reason I am saying that is if it's your first time trying the masks you might want to try a wee bit first on a small area so that if there is a reaction you haven't cover your whole face.

I have been perfectly fine and I would say I can be sensitive to new or stronger products.

The peeling off masks seriously if you haven't tried them then you so should they are the most amazing feeling when removed. It's totally refreshing once removed you literally feel like you have a new layer.

Well, folks, I hope that you have enjoyed reading my post and if you have please leave comments on other treatments and masks as I am always looking to try new things, this is the reason why I love beauty boxes to find new and exciting products.

Have a fantastic Thursday evening no matter what your planning to do. 

follow me on here I am also on bloglovin.

youtube channel is Julie Barbour won't get my custom URL till reach 100 or more subscribers so come on over support me and subscribe.

Instagram is make_up_lover1983

and snap chat is julie-30.

much love Julie xxx

















Monday 8 May 2017

May Mental Health Awareness Month


Hey, folks, if you're not aware already the month of May, is Mental Health Awareness.

Mental Health can be such a taboo subject and a lot of people out there suffer every single day with all different types of Mental Health disorders and issues, unfortunately, a lot feel so alienated and ashamed regarding other people's perceptions and ignorance towards having a mental health problem.

More definitely needs to be done to stop the stigma.

My own story on mental health I never thought I would be saying I suffered from one or two never mind typing about them.

I recently posted a video on my youtube channel which is Julie Barbour I don't have a customized URL link yet as need more than 100 subscribers, but if you go to search on youtube you can find my video on let's get honest.

I mention that people that have or have people they love that suffered from a mental health problem or are suffering themselves there not alone.

I have had bouts of depression on and off from the age of 16 mostly to do with my appearance and weight issues. I started having problems with my weight in primary school, I developed epilepsy the medication that was prescribed for me were steroid tablets and they made me totally bloated and pile on the weight. 
Not being into the outdoors or very active obviously I wasn't moving about and doing much about my weight gain, and I have always found comfort in food, the food was my love and my friend.

I was lucky enough to get rid of epilepsy and not carry on with it in my life but I continued to carry the weight and didn't have the best diet I ate what I was given like all kids do.

When I became a teenager well you all know how teenagers can be, there mean but kids, in general, are anyway regardless as I got picked on in primary school as well as high school.

So I used to get so low and just hide away and not socialize with people I didn't want to go out or do all the normal things that other kids were doing cause they all left me out anyway, so what did I do I took comfort in what I could which was food.

But this added to my depression as I got bigger and more unhappy with myself and my self-loathing got worse but I couldn't see a way around my situation.

But really for me, depression was the worst ever in my life a month after my mum passed away in 2003, which is understandable up until my mum passed I was on autopilot going to work every day for 35 hours a week then home quick change and over to the hospital every evening to sit with her for a bit, so naturally when she was gone the reality kicked in and bam it hit me this was it I wasn't going to see her ever again, and this was a huge blow for me and I was so low I cried a lot didn't want to do anything but didn't want to be alone.

I was knackered all the time but couldn't sleep, I ate as it made me feel some kind of comfort as this was and is my comforting method for coping.

But I took some time out and a change of environment and I managed to pull myself together.

But then in  2014, I thought oh my god what the hell is happening to me I was so scared the feelings I was having was like an outer body experience in some ways even now I don't know how to explain it if I'm honest.

I was getting loads of headaches and pain in my chest and down my left arm so naturally, I was like it must be my heart, but I was like please not me I cannot die. But I was like how can I tell anyone how I am feeling especially my dad as he would never understand and we don't have that sort of relationship we don't communicate well.

So I was terrified and kept my symptoms to myself and then eventually enough was enough I had to seek help, I went to the doctor and before I was even seen I was sobbing like I was being murdered in the waiting area so as soon as doctor came to get me she knew straight away something was seriously wrong.

I explained all my symptoms and how I had been feeling and she did EKG tests and they came back all clear I wasn't having a heart attack but I still had chest pains and left arm pain, so she thought it might be a Hiatus Hernia which it turns out it is.

It took a while for the doctor to send me for the endoscopy to tell it was the HH so Naturally, I was beside myself with worry, in between this waiting for the appointment the doctor asked me to fill out a questionnaire answering some  questions along the lines of do you feel suicidal that sort of thing I can't really remember.
So I filled that in with tears rolling down my face I was just feeling so awful much much worse than ever with the depression the doctor was so amazing with me she listened and didn't judge me,  we discussed taking something to see if it helped me as she said it seemed I was suffering from anxiety disorder, I was a bit reluctant as coped with depression without pills.

My heart beat at the time to me was racing constantly to the extent I could feel it when trying to sleep so doctor put me on beta blockers to slow my heart rate down a bit and these were helping that, but then were giving me hardly any pulse in the end and angina-like symptoms so had to stop them!.

Eventually I was put onto Fluoxetine which is a mild Prozac pill that is prescribed for many different illnesses,to start of  with these made me really sick as with a lot of anti-depressant drugs they take time to get used to I was a right state between getting used to them and feeling terrified already with the anxiety and it taking over everything in my body,mind I felt like I just wanted to die and never to feel like I this  ever again, I was starting to become a recluse I didn't want to risk leaving my home in case I had an anxious attack as who would help me, but then again I didn't want it taking hold of my life and ruining it.


I eventually got used to the pills and my symptoms of sickness calmed down and to this day I still take them and I'm so much better I still have episodes but nowhere near as bad as they were, in the beginning, thank god or I really don't know if I would be here typing this, as I just couldn't cope with how it took over my whole being.

I had CBT therapy and the woman that I saw was lovely cognitive behavioral therapy is about changing your minds thinking patterns  and showing you that what your thinking is not always what is right or going on, for example, I felt that if I got a headache I was going to freak out and panic as this was one of the many health things that seemed to trigger the panic within my body but in reality I was getting the tension in my head because I was getting anxious about a headache, so you have to learn to re- train your brain and thoughts so  that No I am fine and if I get a headache I don't need to panic about it, I have survived it before and I am in control of my thoughts. 

I did this for six weeks and it really helped me she gave me workbooks which I still have in my drawer and reading over things and putting it into context really does help, once you get yourself together enough to let yourself heal and others to help you.

For me personally, anxiety is 1000000 times worse than depression when I asked what difference was in being a little anxious like everyone can get and an anxiety disorder like doctor says I suffer with, she said the huge difference is that it takes over me for long periods of time and in an extreme way, it de stabilises me when it's at its worst. 

I have had ignorant people say to me everyone gets anxious and nervous at points in their lives and yes they do but not to the extent of some off us, people are always going to be ignorant and judge and to me that is their issue, not mine or the others of us out there that are suffering or have suffered, all I have to say to these ignorant individuals is I hope that you never ever have to suffer like the people you have judged and made feel worse about themselves and their situation.

In general you will find the folk that you can trust and love you and are there for you and understand maybe not fully as no one can not even really someone with similar issues as its so hard to describe it to someone that you feel scared or your thoughts and body are preventing you from the smallest of things, but they see you as LOOKING FINE!!! I cannot stress enough it doesn't matter if you look fine doesn't mean you are fine. 

To have a broken limb or a visible illness is more acceptable to today's society but thats not reality or always the case, so let's all take a step back and look at the world around us and try and do better in our judgment of others. 

We all judge each other unfortunately that always going to happen but we ourselves as individuals can try to do better and make a difference surely in some way no matter how small. 

I am happy to answer any questions if you have any leave them in comments bellow and am willing to listen have a good rant or a cry let it all out and never be ashamed.

have a great week and know that you're not alone please if you are suffering don't do it in silence seek help from a professional or a friend confide in someone even if someone who is a stranger sometimes that's best way and easiest. 

much love Julie XXXX







Saturday 6 May 2017

Hormones/Moods


Afternoon Folks Today I want to write about something very much an everyday part of not just my life but all our lives.

Hormones!!!! They literally are the bain of my life I swear to god. 

I'm 33 and for years I have always struggled with different emotions and irregular body temperature. It drives me nuts I cannot express how much it affects me and certain situations in my life.

I am going to be totally blunt in writing this as its life so if you don't like honesty or find this post too much then don't carry on from here x

When I was 11 I started my period and thought the world was ending, yes I had the classes at school and obviously, my mum spoke to me about periods and growing up. But still, it was that why my situation, now the age of 11 is normally around the time most girls get their period, but for my mum she never had hers till she was 17 which is pretty late.
My mum and also two of her sister went through the menopause in their 30s again which is pretty early in a woman.

I'm always saying to those that know me, oh I'm having a hot flush or man it's so cold and there like "Julie are you ever one temperature" ha.

And my answer to them all is no I'm not and it drives me to distraction. I hate being too warm there is nothing worse than being sweaty and uncomfortable, everyday especially when the weather is warmer I have to change my clothes particularly my underwear and its embarrassing for me. Even going shopping, for example, it might not be a warm day but my god do I suffer, it's a mix I think of hormones and my nerves, even if I don't feel nervous I seem to get all hot and bothered. 

In my work bag, I have a spare pair of pants in my bag all the time I just have to and hopefully, I don't need to use them, I'm not saying I wet myself hahaha as I don't and I never smell of sweat but I do get hot and bothered and yes since we being blunt my underwear gets soaking with the heat and I hate it so so much.

Does anyone else suffer from these symptoms especially out there that is in the 30s or even younger?? Please say it's not just me.

The main reason I wanted to write this today I cause this week has been a nightmare for me but I have gotten good at hiding it.

I have so much to look forward to and reasons to be happy, but this week I just don't and that is mostly down to my mood which yes if affected by the anxiety disorder, but all so I am due my period!. 

My hair is limp and lifeless and it just annoys me, standard hormonal problems, I am knackered all time with no motivation I don't want to do anything, I have always hated the way I look not just that I'm overweight which is my own doing and yes before people start slagging me I know that only person that can lose the weight is me. 

I eat my emotions I always have if I feel down about the way I look, Julie, your fat you are ugly what do I do I turn to food that is my comfort.

I think about food all the damned time it's and addiction I have always had. 

I realize that with that time of the month do you get more irrational and irritated but oh my mine can be so extreme and defiantly gets worse with age, my actual period isn't bad it's all the other symptoms that go along with it. 

Literally one min I was to cry my heart out and stay in bed forever, next I am giggling away then I have to do something and I get anger.

Now I haven spoken to the doctor and she did tell me that you can suffer from 10 years pre-menopausal symptoms thanks very much for that haha.

So if you were not aware of this then it can happen. 

So really the reason for this post is it do you ever have a time in your life when you know there are so many reasons for you to be happy but your just far from it, so that makes you feel even worse but how do you get your head around it and get motivated!!. 

I also used to be on the contraceptive pill off a good few year ro regulate my period and make them less painful as a lot of woman do, but I no longer take them at all, I am not keen on the coil or implant so I get a non hormonal pill from the doctor that helps with the pain and flow I highly recommend trying this method than being on the pill if you can.

I hope this isnt a bad post and you get something from it im totally hormoanl writing this so itmight not even make sense haha but thats real life. 

Have a fantatic saturday whatever your upto x 

please like and follow my blog and like and subscribe to my you tube channel julie barbour.

have a good evening xx






May Latest In Beauty Box | Julie Barbour

Tuesday 2 May 2017

INSPERATION


Evening everyone I have decided that since I am feeling inspired let's  write about it in a post.

What makes me inspired:

1. Finding my partner it has shown me that there is someone out there for me, until this moment and for the past 9 months I never dreamt that I would find love.

2. Friendship I have the most loving and loyal friend, in fact, she is more than just a friend she is family and the sister I biologically never had. loyal, kind, huge heart and no matter when or where we are the support that Emily Mollan shows me and has shown me will always be appreciated. 

3. Joan Barbour my mother now what a woman she was/ is an inspiration. Fantastic mother, sister, aunt, a friend a good whole hearted woman and all-rounder.   She would do anything for anyone so incredibly selfless. A happy soul who was very much loved by everyone, my soul mate till we meet again. 

4. The kindness of strangers, I have more recently discovered this especially through blogging and social media, it really doesn't take much to be kind to others and its so refreshing to have come across decent people in this world as there few are far between indeed.

5. people:

Bruce Kane- My partner he is one of a kind a loving decent human, huge heart, laid back cheerful soul, he makes me feel amazing in every way which is very rare to find, his morals and ethics are brilliant, he should win an award for the best father and son, boyfriend award I seriously am so proud to call him my man. 

Carmine Colajezzi- my Italian friend he inspires me a lot as he is so motivated, driven and goes for what he wants, I admire that in him and wish I could be more like that he has a plan and he goes with it, In a sense, he has the I don't give a crap attitude to a certain extent and just goes for what he wants to make him happy. 

Annice Macleod- I have never met anyone as interesting as Annice she is amazing to chat to there is never a dull moment she is so uplifting and makes you feel good about yourself a warm and loving person with such wisdom. A very multi-talented woman with a kind soul and spirit.

John Urquhart - where do I start John is the sweetest most inspiring man I have ever had the pleasure of meeting, not only does he have a huge heart but the biggest smile, John is a gift sent from above there is no doubt in my mind and heart that John is a huge part of a lot of people lives.  His wife and kids are so lucky I would love to adopt him as my dad ha. If I ever get married one day I would love for him to conduct the service I couldn't think of a nicer person to do it.

Rhona Mackay - my little buddy Rhona she inspires me as she grabs life by the balls and goes for it, always happy smiling away and laughing, my little sesh monster. Now she is a fantastic yummy mummy and doing a fantastic job, her little lad is one lucky boy you have the best fun loving mum in the world. 

6. Macmillian Cancer Nurses.

When my mum was ill with cancer the work and support of the Macmillan cancer nurses were overwhelmingly good,  they do such a fantastic job and are inspirational individuals without a doubt it's going to be a tough job getting close to the person and their family. I have the utmost respect for the work they do and their charity.

7. Beautiful things.

clouds they make me feel so happy and at peace.

bees buzzing about happy.

Tulips 

Sunsets/ sun rises.

Laughter.

Smiling

Making someone laugh/smile these are all things that are inspiring.

8. Happiness this is one thing that I have struggled with throughout my life and I'm sure we all do at times but with having an anxiety disorder and also losing my mum it has shown me that you have to live your life to the best that you can and life is what you make it. so cherish your happy moments and not the bad ones.

8. photos.

Taking picture no matter how bad they maybe are inspirational as your creating memories of different times along the path of your life, with every picture you take no matter what it is it can make the world of difference to look back and reflect on those times, events, or reasons for why you took such a photo.

9. reading. 

Getting absorbed in a book its fantastic escapism, there are some fantastic writers out there and reading makes me feel good.

10. Laughing/Laughter.

Its the most amazing thing its true what they say laughter is the best medicine and it is I love laughing and making people happy or laugh is a joy and being around happy funny pleasant people inspire me to be more jovial.

Well, folks, I hope you enjoyed this post and you have found some inspiration.

I would be so interested to hear what inspire you all so please do share your thoughts in the comments section below the post. and don't forget to follow me for more posts have a great evening.

also, check out my youtube channel Julie Barbour and subscribe many thanks XXXX